How to Design an App in 10 Simple Steps

Wondering how to design an app? You’re in the right place.

From fitness trackers and eCommerce tools to apps for team communication or brand-new ideas—apps can help bring your goals to life. If you’re looking to create an app for your business or start something entirely new, they’re a powerful way to reach people and solve problems.

This guide walks you through the process, step by step. It’s perfect for beginners, those working on their own apps for the first time, or anyone looking to improve their existing apps.

With this 10-step guide, you’ll learn everything you need to turn your mobile app development project into a successful app. Let’s get started!

What is a Mobile App?

A mobile app is a software program created for use on portable devices like smartphones and tablets. These apps fall into three categories:

• Native apps built for a specific platform
• Web-based apps accessed through a browser
• Hybrid apps that blend features of both.

They run on operating systems like iOS or Android and can be downloaded from apps like Google Play or the Apple App Store.

Mobile apps are designed to fit the needs of their users and the devices they run on, often tapping into features like cameras, GPS, or internet connections for added functionality.

As with everything else, they come with their own set of pros and cons.

On the plus side, they offer convenience, allowing users to access features and services anytime, often even without an internet connection. Many apps can be personalized to suit individual preferences, and push notifications keep users updated in real-time.

However, there are some drawbacks as well. Apps are often designed for specific platforms, which can limit compatibility, and their functionality might not match that of desktop applications. Security can also be a concern, as apps may access sensitive device data, and updating them sometimes requires downloading new versions manually.

What is an app design and why it matters?

App design refers to creating the look (UI) and functionality (UX) of a mobile application. A great design needs to make the app easy and enjoyable to use while it considers how users interact with the app. This includes the following:

• First Impressions: Users can judge an app’s credibility within seconds, often based on its appearance.
• User Experience (UX): The app needs to have a clear and intuitive design that helps users navigate and complete tasks without having to browse through multiple menus.
• Retention: A good user-friendly interface encourages people to spend more time on the app and keep coming back.
• Conversions: Good design makes it logical for users to take actions like signing up or making a purchase.
• Accessibility: The app needs to have Inclusive design features, so the app works for everyone, including those with disabilities.
• Brand Identity: Lastly, the consistent design elements build recognition and trust in your brand.

Example Student App by Taras Migulko

Here’s what we’ll cover in this guide

Next, let’s proceed with the step-by-step guide on how to design and how to develop an app from defining your idea to marketing the finished product. We’ll also include practical tips, and highlight best practices.

[TL;DR] Here’s what the guide covers:

1. Defining Your Concept: The phase where you clarify goals, write a problem statement and brainstorm ideas.
2. Researching Competition: Analysis of competitors and finding market gaps.
3. Planning Features and User Journeys: The phase where you outline key features and map user flows.
4. Choosing a Monetization Model: Here’s where you explore free, freemium, ads, or subscription options.
5. Creating the Visual Design: In this step, you build mockups, prototypes, and user interfaces.
6. Deciding on Development Methods: The phase where you compare coding, no-code tools, freelancers, or agencies.
7. Building the App: The step where you develop the first version with a focus on an MVP (Minimum Viable Product).
8. Testing the App: Where you conduct quality assurance and gather feedback.
9. Publishing Your App: Submitting to app stores (and meeting platform guidelines.)
10. Marketing the App: And, finally, the last step is where you reach your target audience and create a buzz.

How to Design an App in 10 Steps

Step 1. Define Your App Concept

The first step in designing an app is figuring out what you want it to achieve. Start with a clear goal and purpose—what problems are you trying to solve, and how will your app help? This vision will act as your guide and will influence the features, functionality, and design choices along the way.

Example Travel App by Daria Bohdanovych

To get started, your goals need to be measurable and meaningful. No generic goals like “increase revenue”; instead, think about what success looks like for your app. For example, if you’re building an app for an eCommerce business, a goal could be reducing mobile cart abandonment rates by N%.

Example Hotel Booking App by Nizam Uddin

The best way to do that is by using the good ol’ “SMART” framework:

• Specific: Define exactly what you want to achieve.
• Measurable: Set metrics to track progress.
• Achievable: Be realistic about resources and constraints.
• Relevant: Align objectives with your overall goal.
• Timely: Give each objective a deadline.

Example Scenario:

Let’s say you build a mobile app for a small fitness studio. Their goal is to increase member retention by offering convenient class scheduling, personalized workout plans, and progress tracking.

Objectives can include:

• Reducing class cancellation rates (measurable through booking data).
• Offering personalized workout suggestions within two months of launch.
• Allowing members to track progress and milestones via a user-friendly dashboard.

These are clear goals and the app will be able to solve real problems.

Step 2. Research Your Competition

Once you’ve clarified your goals, it’s time to see how your app idea fits into the market. Start researching competitors to spot opportunities and avoid repeating their mistakes. It will help you find out what your audience actually needs and how you can fill the gaps.

Example Travel App by Daria Bohdanovych

All of this starts with a competitive analysis. Look into apps that target similar users or address similar problems, while you also pay attention to their strengths, weaknesses, and any features that resonate with users. During this step, also read reviews and user feedback.

This will give you ideas on how your app could offer something better or different. For example, improving the user experience, addressing common pain points, or adding features that are currently missing.

If your app idea is completely new, however, focus on your potential audience. Use surveys, interviews, or focus groups to learn what they want. If a business commissions you to create an app so they can expand, the existing customers are a goldmine of insights, so start from there.

Example UX Persona Meditation App by Galina Ortjukh

Example Scenario:

You’re designing a recipe-sharing app for home cooks. Research shows several apps already exist, but users often complain about complicated interfaces and lack of meal-planning features. Reviews highlight frustration with ads interrupting the experience.

This immediately gives you the idea that the app could focus on a simple, ad-free interface and introduce weekly meal planners with a grocery list generator. With this, you address existing complaints and provide added value for users.

Step 3. Plan Your Features and User Journeys

This step is where your app begins to take shape. Start by identifying the core purpose of your app and the specific features that support it. This is important because you will focus solely on what your app does best will help keep things practical and user-friendly without overloading your app with unnecessary extras.

Popular app features, depending on the app, usually include push notifications, booking tools, eCommerce carts, loyalty programs, and calendar integrations. The features you choose should directly support the app’s primary purpose. If something isn’t essential, cut it. You can always add it in a later update once people get used to your app.

User Flow Meditation App by Galina Ortjukh

During this step, you will also map out the user journey. Think about the steps a person will take from opening the app to achieving their goal. You can visualize these steps with wireframes—basic layouts that outline the structure of each screen and where you plan the flow and layout of the app without diving into the detailed design too soon.

Wireframe Example Urban Jungle App by Angelina Suhova

Example Scenario:

A freelancer wants you to build them an app so they can manage their projects. The MVP could include basic features like task lists, a simple calendar for deadlines, and a way to track hours worked. You will leave advanced features like invoicing, client chat, or file-sharing for future updates based on user feedback.

You then proceed with the user journey as you map a flow where users log in, create a new project, and add tasks with due dates. Your wireframes will outline screens for these steps, such as a project dashboard, task editor, and calendar view.

Step 4. Decide on Your Monetization Model

This may feel like something you should leave for later, but It’s much better to figure out how your app will generate revenue early on since this can affect its design and functionality.

You have several monetization options for different app types and audiences:

• In-app purchases and upgrades: Users can buy extras like premium features, digital goods, or exclusive content. This works well for apps like games or fitness tools.
• Pay-to-download: Charge users upfront to download your app. This model only suits apps offering valuable, unique services that justify the cost.
• In-app ads: Display ads in the app and earn revenue through clicks or views. While common, ads should feel demure to avoid frustrating users.
• Subscriptions: Charge a recurring fee for ongoing access to premium content or tools. Best for streaming, productivity, or education apps.

Example Scenario:

Let’s say you’re creating a language-learning app. Your monetization model could involve one of the following:

1. Free with in-app purchases where you offer basic lessons for free while charging for advanced modules or downloadable study materials.
2. Subscription for a monthly plan that unlocks interactive exercises, personalized coaching, or a progress tracker.
3. In-app ads if your primary audience prefers free apps.

Step 5. Create the Visual Design

The next step is where the magic happens and you start making your design visually appealing as well. The visual design covers everything from colors and graphics to the overall layout and how things work together.

UI Design Grocery App Design by Terry M

When designing the user interface (UI), here are a few key things to keep in mind:

• Users should be able to figure out how to use the app without a learning curve. This means making the navigation clear and simple, so people can get where they need to go without confusion.
• Users will quickly lose patience with apps that take too long to load. Cut everything unnecessary and optimize the app’s design to keep things moving quickly.
• The design should make it clear what each button, menu, or feature does.
• Don’t overcomplicate things. A clean design with only what’s necessary keeps the app from feeling overwhelming.
• Make sure your app is usable by everyone, including those with disabilities as you familiarize yourself with the accessibility standards.

Visual Design Urban Jungle App by Angelina Suhova

Example Scenario:

You’re building a fitness app. For the UI, you’d want to focus on clean, easy navigation — a simple menu at the bottom with quick links to workout routines, tracking progress, and settings. The colors might be calming, with easy-to-read fonts for users on all devices. You might include large buttons for starting workouts or tracking progress, so users can quickly access the features they need, especially when they’re in a hurry.

For example, a user could open the app, find their workout plan in seconds, and tap “Start” without having to search through unnecessary menus.

Step 6. Choose the App Development Method

There are several ways to get your app developed, each with its own pros and cons. The method you choose depends on your budget, timeline, and the complexity of the app you want to create.

Here are the main options:

Develop the App Yourself

If you’re tech-savvy and have some coding experience, this could be a great option for you. It allows you to have full control over the development process and cut costs. However, it’s time-consuming and you’ll need to know how to write code for both iOS and Android platforms, which means learning languages like Swift or Java.

Hire a Freelancer

This is the more affordable option if you don’t have the technical skills yourself. You can find freelancers online who specialize in app development. However, while freelancers are often cheaper than agencies, the results can be inconsistent, and you might face delays or communication problems due to time zone differences.

Use a No-Code App Builder

These platforms let you drag and drop elements to build your app quickly and cheaply. However, they’re often limited in terms of customization, while adding more complex functionalities will require touching the code which is exactly what you’re trying to avoid here.

Hire a Development Agency

If you have the budget and need a highly customized app, hiring a development agency is the best route. Agencies can handle everything from coding to testing and launch. You’ll get a fully custom app with more control over features and security, but it’s by far the most expensive option.

Step 7. Build Your App

Now that the design is done, it’s time to roll up your sleeves and start building the app. The development phase is where the real work happens, and it all starts with creating your Minimum Viable Product (MVP).

An MVP is a bare-bones version of your app that includes just the essential features. The goal here is to get something out there, test it with real users, and then adjust based on their feedback. This prevents wasting time on features that might not actually be useful to your audience.

Once the MVP is ready, developers will typically work in a test environment. This is a controlled setup where they can simulate how the app will behave on different devices, operating systems, and screen sizes. It’s important to test usability, compatibility, and overall performance during this phase so that you can catch issues before the app goes live.

Security is another focus during the build. Developers will ensure the app is safe by implementing secure code, performing penetration testing, and enabling HTTPS and SSL/TLS security for protection.

Scenario Example:

You’re creating an app for a local coffee shop that lets customers order ahead and pay via their phone. You don’t need to build a complex app right off the bat. Start with an MVP that allows users to view the menu, place an order, and pay. Forget about extra features like loyalty points or push notifications for now.

Once the MVP is live, you’ll get real feedback from customers. Maybe they mention that they’d prefer a “Save Favorite Orders” feature, or perhaps they want a better way to track their orders in real-time. With these insights, you can gradually add more features that improve the app for your users.

Step 8. Test Your App

Start by testing your app on both iOS and Android devices. Since different devices can behave differently, it’s important to check how your app runs on a range of devices, operating systems, and browsers.

This is also the point where beta testers come in. You will need fresh eyes on the app to bring up issues or offer feedback that you might not have noticed, especially if you’ve been working on the app for a long time. Sometimes, we get so close to the project that it’s easy to miss things that are obvious to someone else.

During testing, make sure to check these areas:

• The app’s overall speed.
• That the app doesn’t crash when performing common tasks.
• How the app performs under poor internet connection (this is often overlooked).
• If all buttons, interactions, and features respond as expected.
• That the design looks good and works across all screen sizes.
• Navigation should feel intuitive—users should find what they need without frustration.
• No features should be hidden or difficult to find.
• Your app’s name and store description should clearly explain what the app does.

For the most realistic testing, it’s a good idea to use the AdHoc version of your app (the file you’ll actually submit to the app stores). This gives you a true representation of what users will experience when they download the app. For iOS apps, TestFlight is a great tool that allows you to run tests on your app before it’s live on the App Store.

Scenario Example:

You’ve built an app for a local gym that lets users sign up for classes, track their workouts, and schedule personal training sessions. You’ve just completed the MVP and are ready for testing.

You load the app onto a few different devices: an iPhone, a Samsung Galaxy, and a tablet. Your testers log in, book a class, and update their profiles. One tester notes that the app slows down when loading class schedules on a 3G connection—something you didn’t anticipate. Another points out that the “Sign Up” button is hard to find on the main screen.

You can no use this feedback to make adjustments like optimizing the class schedule loading, making the button more visible, and addressing other issues.

Step 9. Publish Your App

The first thing you’ll need to do here is register as a developer on the platforms where you want to release your app.

For iOS apps, you’ll need to join the Apple Developer Program, which costs $99 per year. Apple has strict guidelines, so you’ll need to make sure your app meets all their requirements.

For Android, registering as a Google Play Developer only costs $25, and you’ll need a Gmail account to get started.

Submit Your App to the Apple App Store

Apple is known for being particular about which apps they accept, so it’s important to prepare everything carefully. Before submitting, you’ll need to provide key info, such as:

• App name, category, and description
• Screenshots and an app icon
• Keywords for app store optimization (ASO)
• Once you’ve submitted it, Apple will review your app.

This can take a few days, and if your app gets approved, you’ll be notified and it will be published. If Apple rejects your app, you can contact their Resolution Center for details and make adjustments.

Submit Your App to the Google Play Store

For Android, publishing is a bit more straightforward. After setting up your app on the Google Play Console, you’ll need to provide:

• A title, short and full descriptions
• Screenshots and other graphics
• Your contact info and privacy policy

Once your Google Play Store listing is ready, upload your APK file (the actual app file), and submit it for review. If everything checks out, your app will be live within a few hours, though Google may take longer to review if this is your first submission.

Progressive Web App (PWA)

If you’ve created a Progressive Web App (PWA), publishing is easier. You’ll just need to host the app on a web server and link it to a domain name.

Step 10. Market Your App

Once your app is live, it’s time to let people know about it. To do this, you’ll need to create a digital presence across multiple marketing platforms, based on where your target audience spends most of their time. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, or LinkedIn are a great place to start. If you’re aiming at a younger crowd, consider TikTok for extra reach.

Campy Travel App by Olha Kostiuchenko

Now, social media platforms have a preference for video content, so create videos and reels for the specific platforms.

Your marketing plan should also include both inbound and outbound strategies to attract new users. Inbound could be content marketing, while outbound might include paid ads or reaching out to influencers. As you move forward, your marketing methods will evolve, so be open to trying new things.

Another important part of marketing your app is App Store Optimization (ASO). This helps increase your app’s visibility in the app stores, making it easier for people to find. High visibility in both the Apple App Store and Google Play can significantly impact the number of downloads.

It’s best to start marketing early—well before your app is actually available. Build anticipation and excitement by creating a “coming soon” landing page for your app. This may generate buzz and gets potential users excited before they can even download it.

Scenario Example:

Let’s say you’ve created a fitness-tracking app and are getting ready to launch. Before the official launch, you start creating hype by setting up a landing page with a “coming soon” message. You include a signup form to capture emails from people who are interested.

On social media, you create a buzz with sneak peek videos, showing off the app’s unique features like workout tracking and progress reports. You post these on Instagram and Twitter, targeting fitness enthusiasts and workout groups. You also run paid ads on Facebook, focusing on users who follow health and fitness pages.

Once the app is live, you share a more in-depth demo on YouTube that walks users through setting up the app and using its features. The video gets shared on multiple platforms, and you start seeing a steady stream of installs.

What is the difference between iOS Apps and Android Apps?

iOS and Android for app development differ in platform requirements, audience demographics, and design styles.

1. Platform Requirements

iOS apps are developed using Swift or Objective-C, while Android apps rely on Java or Kotlin. Each platform requires a different set of skills and tools, which affects development time and resources.

Testing varies between the two as well. iOS apps are typically tested on simulators, which may not always provide a fully accurate representation of the app’s behavior on real devices. Android emulators, however, offer a closer simulation of actual hardware.

2. Audience Demographics

Demographics differ across both platforms. iOS users tend to spend more on apps and in-app purchases, making iOS a solid choice for premium apps. Android, however, has a broader global reach, particularly in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa, which might make it better for apps targeting a larger, more diverse audience.

3. Design Styles

Design conventions also vary. iOS apps usually prefer minimalist design, with simple, elegant interfaces and smooth transitions. Android apps are influenced by Material Design, and feature a more grid-based layout with vibrant colors and strong emphasis on depth and shadow.

Navigation on iOS is also different, as there is no back button, requiring developers to implement navigation controls.

Other Considerations When Choosing One or Both Platforms:

• Cost and Time: iOS app development can be more costly due to higher standards and a longer review process. Android tends to be faster and more flexible in terms of development and deployment.
• Monetization: iOS apps are often monetized through app purchases and in-app subscriptions, while Android apps typically use ads as a primary revenue stream.
• App Store Process: Apple’s app review process is strict, taking 3-4 weeks in many cases. In contrast, Android’s Google Play Store has a quicker and less rigid approval system.

Post-Launch Tips

After your app is launched, the work doesn’t stop there. To keep your app running smoothly, engaging users, and growing in popularity, there are are couple of things you can do to improve your app’s performance, and visibility in the app stores.

1. Monitor Performance and Reviews

Track how your app performs and what users are saying about it. Regularly review performance metrics like downloads, user activity, and crash rates to see if there are any issues you need to work on. User reviews will give you more valuable feedback on specific areas that need attention or improvement.

2. Optimize App Store Listings (ASO)

Keep your app description, title, and keywords fresh and optimized for search can increase its visibility. Regularly update screenshots, and ass new features to improve descriptions can lead to higher download rates.

Example: A photo-editing app revises its store description and updates its screenshots to highlight new features. As a result, the app gets more downloads and ranks higher in search results.

3. Invest in Ongoing Marketing

Marketing shouldn’t stop once your app is live. Continue to promote it through various channels like social media, influencer partnerships, and ads. Ongoing marketing efforts help attract new users and keep existing users engaged.

4. Stay Compatible with New OS Updates

Mobile operating systems frequently release updates that may affect how your app works. It’s important to test your app with each new update to avoid compatibility issues.

For example, after the release of iOS 15, a developer tests how their app responds to the new update on multiple devices and discovers some glitches. They soon release a minor update to fix compatibility issues and prevent any crashes for iPhone users.

FAQ Common Questions About Designing Mobile Apps

1. How much does it cost to create an app?

The cost of building a mobile app usually falls between $200,000 and $350,000 for a feature-rich project. The final price depends on how complex the app’s features are, what users can do within it, how long the development takes, and the level of ongoing support you need from the app development company.

2. How do app developers charge for their services?

App developers usually charge an hourly rate because app development involves many time-sensitive tasks.

In the U.S., developers charge between $100 and $175 per hour, depending on their experience and location. Outsourced teams often charge lower rates, typically around $55 to $75 per hour.

3. Can I create my own mobile app?

Yes, it’s possible to create your own app using a no-code app maker. These tools simplify mobile app development and are a good option for straightforward apps. If you’re aiming for something more complex, an app development agency can help bring your vision to life.

4. How long does it take to develop a mobile app?

The timeline depends on how complex the app is. Simple apps might take 2–3 months, while larger mobile app development projects can take anywhere from 6 months to over a year.

5. What’s the difference between iOS and Android app development?

iOS app development is designed for Apple devices, while Android app development focuses on Android-powered mobile devices. Each requires different coding tools and programming languages.

6. What should I look for when hiring an app development agency?

Find an agency with experience in the type of app you want, a solid portfolio, and positive reviews from past clients. A good team will guide you through the app development process and stick around for support after the app is launched.

7. How do I create a successful app?

Focus on creating a great user experience, conduct thorough usability testing, and listen to user feedback during development. Once the app is live, strong app marketing strategies—like promoting on social media and optimizing the app store listing—are key to success.

8. What is usability testing?

Usability testing means letting real users try out your app to make sure it’s easy to use and meets their needs. This step helps you catch problems and improve the app before it’s released.

9. How can I promote my app?

Promoting your app can include social media campaigns, app store optimization, influencer collaborations, and running ads. Positive reviews and word-of-mouth also help build momentum.

10. Can I make a mobile app for both Android and iOS?

Yes! With cross-platform tools, developers can create an app that works on both Android and iOS mobile devices without building two separate versions.

11. What features should my mobile app have?

It depends on your app’s purpose, but common features include easy navigation, secure login options, offline access, and tools that use mobile devices’ hardware, like cameras or GPS.

12. Is a no-code app maker good for building apps?

No-code app makers are great for simple apps or early prototypes. If you need advanced features or plan to scale up, an app development company might be a better choice.

13. What happens during the UI design phase?

UI design is all about creating a user-friendly and visually appealing interface. This includes planning layouts, choosing colors, and designing elements that fit the app’s functionality and make it intuitive for users.

14. Can I test my app before launching?

Yes, and you should! Testing the app’s features and usability with real users helps make sure everything runs smoothly and works well under different conditions.

15. Why is the app development process so important?

A clear app development process helps organize every step, from planning to testing. It keeps the project on track and ensures the final app works well, meets user needs, and stands up to real-world use.

Feeling motivated and inspired to roll up your sleeves? Awesome. In case you need a web development partner for your current and future projects, here at htmlBurger, we are more than glad to discuss your needs. Wanna talk?

Before you go, don’t forget to check out our other awesome UI/UX design articles! We’ve got loads of tips and inspiration to help you create stunning designs that will blow your mind.

• Best Sitemap Examples: Guide To Master Sitemap Page Design
• 23 Examples of the Best UI Websites for Design Inspiration
• How to Choose the Best UI Fonts for Apps [+10 Safest Fonts]